Using computational fluid dynamics modelling to support data centre development

As demand for cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and digital services accelerates, data centres must maintain optimal environmental conditions to ensure the reliability of critical equipment while meeting increasingly stringent environmental and health expectations. Understanding how air, heat, and emissions behave at a facility has therefore become an essential part of data centre planning and design.

A leading global technology company appointed Ramboll to provide computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and human health risk assessments for several proposed hyperscale data centre development in the US and Asia. The projects combined advanced airflow modelling with environmental dispersion analysis to help evaluate key operational and regulatory considerations early in the planning process.

CFD modelling uses sophisticated computer simulations to predict how air and heat move through complex environments. For these projects, we developed detailed models to assess airflow patterns and atmospheric conditions associated with the planned facility. By creating a virtual representation of the site and its operating conditions, our team was able to evaluate how different environmental factors could influence performance and identify potential emission and heat issues before construction. This approach allowed us to test multiple scenarios, optimize design concepts, and better understand how a facility may perform under varying operating and weather conditions.

Each CFD analysis was complemented by a human health risk assessment focused on emissions associated with backup power systems and other facility operations. Ramboll evaluated potential air quality impacts and assessed potential risks to onsite workers under a range of operating scenarios. The analysis provided an important foundation for environmental planning by helping the client understand potential air quality considerations and supporting permitting and compliance strategies.